PURPOSE, COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF A TYPICAL ANTENNA SYSTEM
Keywords:
Antenna System (AS); Radio waves; Receiving and transmitting antenna; Hertzian dipole; Radiation pattern (RP); Narrow beam; Effective antenna aperture; Operating wavelength range; Phased Array Antenna (PAA); Scanning speed; Interference and countermeasures; Surface-to-air missile systems (SAM systems); Electromagnetic waves (EMW); Mechanical and electronic scanning; Main lobe; Side lobes and back lobes.Abstract
This article examines the fundamental principles of operation and the key parameters of antennas used in radar systems. It describes the functions of an antenna as a device for transmitting and receiving radio waves, as well as its role in ensuring effective formation and control of signal directivity. Particular attention is given to important antenna characteristics such as the shape and size of the radiation pattern and the mechanisms for beam steering. The operating principle of the Hertzian dipole is discussed, along with its radiation pattern and the challenges associated with forming a narrow beam. The paper also addresses the technical features of radar antenna systems, including their dimensions, operating wavelength range, the shape and width of the main lobe of the radiation pattern, scanning speed, and the functioning of phased array antennas. It is emphasized that different types of radar systems employ different wavelength ranges and radiation pattern characteristics to achieve maximum efficiency under various conditions. The conclusion highlights methods of interference mitigation and the role of antennas in protection against active jamming.
References
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