Educa Journal of Studies is a peer-reviewed, open-access academic journal focusing on scholarly research and studies across multiple disciplines with a strong emphasis on education and allied fields. The journal provides a reliable platform for publishing research that supports academic development and practical applications. Aim & Scope The journal aims to publish rigorous research and scholarly studies that contribute to education and interdisciplinary knowledge. Scope includes: Education, Teacher Education, Educational Technology, Social Sciences, Humanities, Management Studies, Applied Sciences, and Interdisciplinary Research. ISSN (E): 3054-3355 ResearchBib: 10.40
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KEY ASPECTS AND PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPING A GREEN ECONOMY IN UZBEKISTAN
The development strategy of the modern world is aimed at improving the quality of life in society. An inseparable component of society’s quality of life is the existence of suitable ecological conditions. Problems such as gas pollution of cities, littering of билан ифлосланиши, territories, shallowing, of rivers, catastrophic deforestation and desertification are creating an alarming environmental situation requiring reducing urgent measures. This in turn, requires improving, socio-economic-and ва экологик environmental, programs and their implementation mechanisms, as-well as ensuring, adequate and appropriate environmental financing.
environmental, programs and their implementation mechanisms
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PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES IN FUTURE ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS
This article analyzes a system of pedagogical conditions aimed at developing the professional practical competencies of future electrical engineers through the four main sections of the Electrical Machines course: transformers, induction machines, synchronous machines, and DC machines. For each section, engineering tasks specific to different types of electrical machines, practical and laboratory activities based on real industrial production processes, pedagogical methods, project-based learning, modeling, and integration with industrial practice were implemented. The study employed a competency-oriented instructional model that combines theoretical knowledge with practical engineering applications. The results of an experimental study involving 256 students conducted between 2023 and 2026 demonstrated that the experimental group achieved significantly higher levels of technical calculation, design, and practical skills compared to the control group, with an average increase of 27.8 percentage points. These findings confirm the effectiveness of the proposed pedagogical conditions in enhancing the professional competencies of future electrical engineers.
Engineering education, electrical engineer, electrical machines, transformers, asynchronous machines, synchronous machines, AC machines, professional competence, pedagogical conditions.
FAMILY ENVIRONMENT AND INDIVIDUAL EMOTIONAL STABILITY
This article provides a psychological analysis of the impact of family environment on an individual’s emotional stability. The system of family relationships, parenting styles, and emotional support within the family and their influence on a person’s psychological state are examined. In addition, the effects of both positive and negative family environments on an individual’s stress resilience, self-confidence, and emotional regulation are discussed on a scientific basis.
Family environment, emotional stability, stress, personality psychology, upbringing, psychological support, self-confidence.
ELECTRONIC LIBRARIES VS TRADITIONAL LIBRARIES
This article provides an extensive comparative analysis of electronic libraries (digital libraries) and traditional (physical) libraries. It explores in depth the fundamental differences in accessibility, cost structures, preservation methods, user experience, information retrieval efficiency, social roles, technical requirements, copyright issues, and future prospects. While traditional libraries offer a tangible, curated environment, cultural heritage preservation, and community-building functions, electronic libraries provide unmatched convenience, speed, 24/7 remote access, powerful search capabilities, and multimedia integration. The article concludes that neither system is superior in all aspects; rather, a hybrid model that integrates both systems offers the most sustainable and inclusive future for library services in the digital age.
Electronic library, digital library, traditional library, hybrid library, information retrieval, accessibility, library management, digital preservation, digital divide, multimedia, copyright, metadata.
TYPES AND TECHNOLOGIES OF PERSONALIZED EDUCATION IN THE ERA OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES
This article presents an opinion on the types of personality-oriented learning, its role in society, the importance and relevance of the use of technology in the XXI-st century in the era of digital technology development.
Digital technologies, personality-oriented education, modern education, the XXI-st century.
A STUDY OF PERSONIFICATION SHIFTS IN THE UZBEK TRANSLATION OF LORD OF THE FLIES
This article examines how personification functions in the translation of The Lord of the Flies. Personification is an important stylistic element that shapes the emotional tone and symbolic meaning of the novel, making its accurate transfer into another language a complex task. The study focuses on the ways translators reproduce or adapt personified images, especially when cultural or linguistic differences limit direct equivalence. It also discusses how translation strategies influence the reader’s understanding of key themes such as fear, isolation, and human nature. The article concludes that successful translation requires not only linguistic accuracy but also sensitivity to the figurative and psychological depth of the original work.
Personification, translation, words, language, imagery, feature, context, literary, phrase.
LEARNING AND TEACHING MULTIPLE LANGUAGES
Mastering in languages bring numbers of profits to both individuals’ and academic perception. In this paper we examine the learning and teaching procedure of several languages. This research discusses and will have specific attention respectively to the 1st benefits of multilingualism, 2nd how to be multilingual, 3rd the rules of teaching and 4th challenges also negative sides of being bilingual for the brain in the discussion part. The authors attempt to address the brain working, cognitive reserve, problem-solving and how learning multiple languages affect to people’s mindsets. Although this research highlights the learning tips, it concentrates methods of teaching a language in a more impactful, with strong impression, and accessible through applying the long-term memory. To achieve accurate criteria and addressing the technical challenges, we applied questionnaires and collected data through a survey which has been analysed and represented the grounded results to give us a better understanding of our concerns.
Multilingualism, Language Acquisition, Cognitive Benefits, Language Pedagogy, Long-Term Memory.
INTEGRATING STRUCTURAL, COGNITIVE, AND PRAGMATIC MEANING IN ESL LEARNING: A TRIPARTITE FRAMEWORK FOR EFFECTIVE LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
The persistent fragmentation of English as a Second Language (ESL) pedagogy—wherein structural accuracy, cognitive processing, and pragmatic appropriateness are routinely treated as discrete, hierarchically ordered instructional objectives—represents a critical impediment to the development of robust communicative competence in second language learners. This article advances a theoretically grounded, empirically informed tripartite framework that systematically integrates these three meaning dimensions into a cohesive, multidimensional pedagogical architecture. Drawing upon converging evidence from systematic reviews of pragmatic competence development spanning three decades of interlanguage pragmatics research, contemporary investigations into the cognitive and metacognitive strategies underlying successful pragmatic performance in academic settings, and foundational models of communicative competence, the framework posits that meaningful, transferable language acquisition emerges exclusively through the concurrent and mutually reinforcing development of grammatical precision, conceptual understanding, and sociocultural contextualization. The article delineates the theoretical foundations of each constituent dimension, rigorously examines their dynamic interdependencies across three critical interfaces—structural-cognitive, cognitive-pragmatic, and structural-pragmatic—and articulates a set of practical classroom applications, including spiral curriculum design, task-based integration protocols, explicit pragmatic instruction methodologies, and technology-enhanced learning environments, all oriented toward fostering integrated competence. By reconceptualizing ESL curricula around this tripartite architecture, the framework offers a principled response to the enduring and well-documented gap between classroom-acquired linguistic knowledge and real- world communicative effectiveness, with significant implications for curriculum design, teacher education, assessment practices, and future research agendas in applied linguistics and second language pedagogy.
ESL pedagogy, pragmatic competence, cognitive linguistics, structural meaning, tripartite framework, language acquisition, communicative competence, task-based instruction.
A STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE IN FUTURE ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHERS
The growing role of English as a global means of communication has increased the demand for highly qualified English language teachers. This paper examines how professional competence develops among future English teachers and why it is essential in modern education. The study is based on the analysis of theoretical sources, educational practices, and current trends in language teaching. The findings show that effective teaching depends on a combination of linguistic knowledge, pedagogical skills, technological awareness, and the ability to reflect on one’s own practice. The paper argues that teacher education programs must focus on developing these competencies in an integrated way to prepare teachers for real classroom challenges.
Professional competence, English language teaching, teacher education, communicative competence, pedagogy, digital skills.
MODERN METHODS IN TEACHING ENGLISH LANGUAGE
The process of teaching English has changed considerably due to new educational demands and technological progress. Methods that once focused mainly on grammar instruction and memorization are now being replaced by approaches that encourage communication, interaction, and active participation. This study examines modern methods used in English language teaching and analyzes their influence on student learning. The research is based on the analysis of theoretical works and classroom practices. The findings show that interactive activities, communicative techniques, and the use of digital tools contribute to more effective learning outcomes. Students become more confident in using the language and show greater motivation during lessons. The study highlights the importance of adapting teaching methods to current educational needs and emphasizes the role of teachers in creating meaningful learning environments.
English language teaching, modern teaching methods, communicative approach, interactive learning, digital technology, learner-centered instruction.
OPPORTUNITIES AND METHODS FOR IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF EDUCATION IN UZBEKISTAN
This article explores innovative pedagogical mechanisms for enhancing quality indicators within the education system of Uzbekistan. At the core of the research lies an original teaching curriculum based on the integration of the Flipped Learning model and the KWL (Know, want to know, Learned) reflection method. The study theoretically and practically substantiates the effectiveness of this methodical synergy in boosting students' independent learning engagement and systematizing acquired knowledge. Furthermore, it analyzes the implementation stages of the developed curriculum and its projected outcomes. The proposed approach serves as a vital methodological resource for transforming educational processes through modern pedagogical technologies
Quality of education, Flipped Learning, KWL method, South Korean experience, reflection, pedagogical innovation, autonomous learning, educational transformation.
DEVELOPMENT OF NUCLEAR ENERGY AND SAFETY MEASURES IN MODERN NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
The article provides information on the development of nuclear energy, chain reactions occurring in nuclear reactors, factors ensuring their continuous operation, the impact of ionizing radiation on the cells of living organisms, and the mechanisms of biological changes. Modern nuclear power plants (NPPs) play a central role in the transition to low-carbon energy systems; however, safety concerns remain a significant barrier to their widespread adoption. This paper examines risk assessment methodologies and the implementation of advanced safety measures in nuclear power plants. It is highlighted that various biological changes occur in the organism as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation.
Nuclear reactor, chain reaction, nuclear fuel, ionizing radiation, biological impact, living cell, nuclear energy, risk assessment, safety measures, public trust, regulatory frameworks, passive safety systems, nuclear innovations.
PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PROFESSIONAL EXHAUST SYNDROME IN REPRESENTATIVES OF THE MILITARY BRANCH
This article analyzes the psychological features of the professional burnout syndrome in representatives of the military sphere theoretically and empirically. The article considers the three main components of the professional burnout syndrome - emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and decreased personal achievements in the context of military activity. The study analyzes the stress factors inherent in the professional activities of military personnel, their impact on professional burnout, as well as the protective mechanisms of emotional stability and psychological recovery (resilience). Psychological recommendations for the prevention and correction of professional burnout have also been developed.
Military personnel, burnout syndrome, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, decreased personal achievement, psychological stability, resilience, stress tolerance, psychological prevention.
PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF TEACHING STAFF AND TASKS FOR STANDARDIZATION OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATION IN UZBEKISTAN
The concept and content of professional training for teaching staff revolves around the quality of preschool education and is currently directly dependent on the professionalism of teaching staff, while the current system for assessing the effectiveness of teaching requires significant changes. As a result, in the context of education modernization and in response to new societal demands on teachers, a professional teacher standard has been developed for the first time in the domestic education system.
Preschool education, Professional training, Teaching staff professionalism, Educational standards, Teacher competence, Education modernization, Pedagogical technologies, Early childhood development.
PRINCIPLES FOR IMPROVING THE METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE ENGINEERS USING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES
This article discusses the issues of developing the professional training of future engineers based on modern digital technologies. The possibilities of improving students' knowledge, skills and competencies through the effective use of digital tools in the educational process are analyzed. The main principles of improving the methodology of professional training are also developed.
Digital technologies, engineering education, professional competence, innovative methods, interactive education.
METHODOLOGICAL BASIS OF IMPROVING THE PREPARATION OF FUTURE ENGINEERS FOR PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY BASED ON MEDIA EDUCATIONAL MEANS
The article discusses the methodological foundations of improving the process of preparing future engineers for professional activity through the use of media education tools. The study analyzes the role of digital technologies, interactive media resources, virtual laboratories, simulators and multimedia educational complexes in engineering education. The didactic possibilities of media education - visualization, modeling, remote formation of practical skills, as well as methods that focus on solving engineering problems based on a creative approach - are substantiated.
Media education, media tools, engineering education, professional competence, digital technologies, methodological foundations, virtual laboratory, multimedia education.
DEVELOPMENT OF VALEOLOGICAL EDUCATION AMONG FUTURE PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
This article examines the theoretical and practical foundations for developing valeological education among future preschool educators. The study highlights the importance of forming a healthy lifestyle culture, improving professional competencies, and integrating health-preserving technologies into the educational process. The role of valeology in preparing competitive and health-conscious specialists is also discussed.
Valeology, preschool education, healthy lifestyle, pedagogy, health culture, future educators.
CLASSIFICATION OF NOUN PHRASES IN MODERN ENGLISH
This article examines the classification of noun phrases (NPs) in Modern English from structural, functional, and semantic perspectives. The study explores different types of noun phrases based on their internal structure, syntactic roles, and communicative functions. Special attention is given to simple, complex, and compound noun phrases, as well as their role in discourse. The research adopts a descriptive and analytical approach, drawing on examples from contemporary English usage. The findings demonstrate that noun phrase classification is essential for understanding sentence structure, meaning construction, and language use in both theoretical and applied linguistics.
noun phrase, classification, syntax, determiner, modifier, head noun, English grammar, functional linguistics
MARK TWAIN AS ONE OF THE MOST PROMINENT FIGURES IN AMERICAN LITERATURE: REALISM, SATIRE, AND NATIONAL IDENTITY
This article explores the literary significance of Mark Twain as one of the most influential figures in American literature. It examines his role in the development of realism, his distinctive use of humor and satire, and his contribution to the formation of American literary identity. Drawing on textual analysis of his major works, including Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, the study highlights Twain’s innovative narrative techniques and social criticism. The article argues that Twain’s legacy lies in his ability to combine entertainment with profound ethical and cultural insights.
Mark Twain, American realism, satire, humor, narrative style, social criticism, American identity.
CONCEPTUAL DERIVATION OF ZOONYMIC UNITS IN PAREMIOLOGY (ENGLISH-UZBEK PERSPECTIVE)
This article investigates the phenomenon of conceptual derivation in zoonymic units within paremiology from cognitive, linguocultural, and pragmalinguistic perspectives. The study focuses on how animal-based lexical elements (zoonyms) develop figurative meanings through metaphorical and metonymic processes in English and Uzbek proverbs. Employing qualitative, comparative, and cognitive-semantic methods, the research analyzes a corpus of proverbs to identify universal and culture-specific patterns of conceptualization. The findings reveal that zoonymic units function as conceptual metaphors encoding human traits, social norms, and evaluative meanings. Conceptual derivation is shown to be a key mechanism underlying semantic extension and pragmatic impact in paremiological discourse. The study contributes to cognitive linguistics, paremiology, and translation studies by highlighting the interaction between language, culture, and cognition.
paremiology, zoonymic units, conceptual derivation, metaphor, metonymy, cognitive linguistics, linguoculturology, pragmatics, English, Uzbek
WORD-BUILDING IN LINGUISTICS AS A THEORETICAL PROBLEM
Article explores the theoretical challenges associated with word-building in linguistics, focusing on the processes through which new words are created and the implications of these processes for linguistic theory. It examines various mechanisms of word formation, including derivation, compounding, and inflection, while addressing the complexities of semantic meaning and morphological structure. The article also considers how sociolinguistic factors influence word formation and the evolution of language over time. By analyzing these dimensions, the article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of word-building as a crucial area of study within linguistics.
Word-Building, Linguistics, Derivation, Compounding, Inflection, Morphology, Semantics, Sociolinguistics
ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MANAGEMENT OF BUSINESS PROCESSES OF AN ORGANIZATION IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITALIZATION
The article discusses the issues of assessing the effectiveness of business process management of organizations in the context of digitalization. The features of digital platforms, their impact on flexibility, automation and integration of processes, as well as the possibilities of increasing productivity and reducing errors are analyzed. The dependence of the effectiveness of digital management on the technological infrastructure, the competence of employees and compliance with the strategic goals of the organization is shown. methodological approaches to monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of business processes, including quantitative and qualitative indicators. The work allows you to formulate recommendations for the implementation of digital management models to increase the competitiveness of the organization.
Digitalization, digital platforms, business processes, management, efficiency, automation, monitoring, integration, KPI, organizational adaptation.
ENHANCING CAREER GUIDANCE SYSTEMS THROUGH DIGITAL PLATFORMS IN SECONDARY EDUCATION
The rapid expansion of the digital economy has significantly transformed labor market demands, particularly increasing the need for ICT-related skills and professions. This study investigates the enhancement of career guidance systems in secondary education through the integration of digital platforms. The research proposes an indicator-based framework to evaluate students’ readiness and orientation toward IT careers. Using mixed research methods, including surveys and experimental implementation, the study identifies key factors influencing effective career guidance. The findings demonstrate that digital platforms significantly improve students’ awareness, engagement, and decision-making regarding ICT careers. A conceptual model and measurable indicators are developed to support data-driven educational strategies.
Digital platforms, career guidance, ICT education, digital economy, secondary education, indicators.
NATIVE LANGUAGE USE IN YOUNG LEARNERS’ EFL: A REVIEW
This review article looks at theoretical viewpoints and practical investigations on the function of first language in learning English as a foreign language. The study of international studies undertaken in Spain, Italy, Turkey, and other countries shows that regulated usage of the original language can improve comprehension, reduce learner anxiety, and expedite vocabulary and grammar learning. The outcomes of this review show that the native tongue may operate as a cognitive and educational resource.
First language use; native language support; foreign language acquisition; bilingual pedagogy; learner anxiety reduction; vocabulary and grammar acquisition; English as a foreign language.
EDUCATIONAL REFORM IN UZBEKISTAN IN THE 1960S
The 1960s are distinguished as a period of serious reforms in the education system of Uzbekistan. This period was conducted in accordance with the political and economic development strategy of the Soviet Union and was aimed at improving the quality and opportunities in the field of education. The main goal of the reforms was to raise the level of education of the population, equalize education in rural and urban areas, and train qualified personnel for the modern economy.
population, equalize education in rural and urban areas, and train qualified personnel
PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF AN INCLUSIVE SOCIETY: THE CASE OF UZBEKISTAN
This article examines human dignity as a fundamental philosophical principle underlying the formation of an inclusive social order. Drawing on the ideas of Kant, Rawls, and the capability approach of Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum, the study analyzes dignity as an intrinsic value that ensures equality, justice, and social participation. The paper argues that respect for human dignity serves as a normative foundation for inclusive policies and institutions, enabling the integration of diverse social groups. Particular attention is given to the relationship between dignity and social inclusion in the context of contemporary societal transformations. The study concludes that the realization of human dignity is a necessary condition for building a sustainable and cohesive society.
Social cohesion, equality, inclusive society, equality, human rights, values, capabilities, diversity.
CHARACTER TYPOLOGY AND THE CONCEPT OF CONFLICT IN FRENCH LITERARY MOVEMENTS
This article analyzes the evolution of the typology of the hero and the concept of conflict within the framework of the main movements of French literature - classicism, romanticism, realism, naturalism and modernism. The aesthetic principles of each literary movement, the structure of the hero's image and the specific aspects of the formation of conflict are shown through examples. A comparative analysis is carried out using tables, and the typology of the main literary heroes and conflict models are systematically summarized. The article is intended for students, graduate students and researchers in the field of literary studies studying French literature.
French literature, literary movements, hero typology, concept of conflict, classicism, romanticism, realism, naturalism, modernism.
THE ROLE OF THE DIGITAL EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT IN PERSONAL INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT
This article examines the role of the digital educational environment in enhancing an individual’s intellectual development. In the context of rapid technological advancement, the integration of digital tools, online learning platforms, and electronic educational resources has become an essential component of the modern educational process. The study focuses on how digital learning environments support the development of analytical thinking, independent learning skills, creativity, and effective information management among students. Furthermore, the article discusses the opportunities created by digital technologies in education as well as the challenges related to their implementation in the learning process.
Digital education, educational environment, intellectual growth, information technologies, e-learning, online education, innovative teaching methods.
DIFFERENCES IN LEXICAL INTENSITY IN ONLINE AND PRINT VERSION TITLES
This article studies the differences between the lexical intensity indicators in the headlines of online and print media based on a comparative analysis. The study is based on more than 300 headlines of major Uzbek, Russian, and English-language publications — Kun.uz, Daryo.uz, Gazeta.uz (online), "O'zbekiston Ovozi", "Xalq so'zi", "Narodnoe slovo" (print) — for the period 2020–2024. Lexical intensity is understood as the level of emotional intensity of the headline, the density of expressive means, and the potential for impact on the reader. The article analyzes such intensity means as amplification, hyperbole, oxymoron, emotional evaluative lexicon, and word repetition with examples. According to the results of the study, the lexical intensity indicator in the headlines of online publications is on average 2.3 times higher than that of print publications. The main reasons for this difference are given as format-specific communicative goals, competitive environment, reader behavior model, and editorial policy.
Lexical intensity, headline linguistics, online media, print media, expressiveness, amplification, hyperbole, media linguistics, clickbait, lexical analysis.
THE HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENGINEERING DRAWING
The article analyzes the historical and scientific-methodological stages of the development of drafting as a discipline. It examines early graphical representations of ancient civilizations, the formation of scientific foundations during the Renaissance, the standardization of technical drawing during the Industrial Revolution, and the emergence of modern CAD technologies. The importance of drafting in engineering education and professional competence development is substantiated.
Drafting, engineering graphics, descriptive geometry, projection, CAD, historical development.